Installing macOS on a new, blank disk

Dear Lazyweb,

I've got this stack of old Minis that I'm trying to rehabilitate by putting cheap SSDs in them. (I've got some time on my hands, and it beats them becoming landfill.)

I've done this several times before, and mostly it has been going according to plan, but I've got this Mid-2011 i5 that I just can't figure out. I can boot it off an external disk that is running 10.13.6 (the latest OS that this hardware can run) but nothing I try -- booting the recovery partition from the external drive, booting internet recovery from BIOS, or running the "Install macOS High Sierra" app when booted off of the external drive -- leaves me with a bootable system on the new, internal SSD.

It never updates the new disk's partition table to have an "Apple_Boot Recovery HD" partition on it, which is probably not a good sign, but beyond that, it's never able to boot the second phase of the installer. "/macOS Install Data/" exists on the new drive, but it panics with "error loading kernel cache".

If I rsync the contents of the external disk onto the new internal SSD, I can boot off the SSD -- but only while the external disk is plugged in.

Any ideas?

Previously.

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Volcano gods demand workers

Reopening is only possible under threat of starvation and homelessness:

"Re-opening" isn't about saving ordinary workers and earners. You can't save someone by infecting them with a deadly disease. [...]

"Re-opening" is about saving investors: the 1% who constitute the major shareholders in large firms whose calculus goes like this: "30% unemployment means that for every worker who dies on the job, ten more will apply to take their place."

These people are willing to risk workers' lives and shoppers' lives because they believe they do not have a shared microbial destiny with the rest of us.

They think they won't get sick, and if they do, they think they'll get better.

That's because they never had to go without medical care because they lacked insurance or because their insurer-imposed rationing denied them the care their doctors advised them to get, so they are less likely to have chronic illnesses and other comorbidities. [...]

For the investor class, "re-opening" is low risk and high reward. [...]

That's why the gloves are off, like in Ohio, where bosses can use a confidential snitchline to rat out workers who won't come back for fear of their lives: these workers will lose their unemployment benefits, their homes, their grocery money. [...] Iowa Workforce Development Director Beth Townsend: "fear of catching the virus would be considered a voluntary resignation, which disqualifies workers from receiving unemployment benefits."

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The Stages of Capitalism

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